About 'Alkali'

Any base or hydroxide eg: soda, potash etc that is soluble in water & can neutralise acids.Commonly used alkali's are Sodium hydroxide or caustic soda & Potassium hydroxide or caustic potash

What are Soaps?

Soaps are water soluble sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids. Soaps are made from fats & oils, or their fatty acids, by treating them chemically with a strong alkali.

Question

What are the use of soap pigments?

• Soap pigments are used in soaps for giving them color..

General Question

• Name the chemical name for soap : Sodium stearate

Determination Of The Percentage Of Alcohol Soluble & Insoluble In Washing Soap

AIM :
To determine the percentage of alcohol soluble & insoluble in washing soap.

SOAP USED :
Here the soap used for analysis was sunlight bar soap.

APPARATUS:

• 250ml beaker
• Electronic balance
• Glass rod
• Water bath
• Funnel
• Air oven
• 100ml conical flask

REQUIREMENTS:

• 2.5gm sliced sunlight bar soap
• 100cc 95% alcohol
• Filter paper

PROCEDURE:

• Given sunlight bar soap is made to small slices.
• Weigh accurately 2.5gm of the sliced soap sample using an electronic balance.

• Note the weight taken.
• Put the weighed soap sample to a 250ml beaker.
  

• Add 100cc 95 % alcohol.
• Heat the beaker with the contents on a water bath.
• StIr the contents in the beaker with a glass rod until the soap is dissolved.

• Wash a 100ml conical flask

• Dry it in an air oven,cool for a while & take the weight.
• Note this weight.
• Take a filter paper & note the weight

• Filter the contents in the beaker through a funnel provided with the weighed filter paper to the previously weighed 100ml conical flask.
• Washing is done twice with the alcohol & remove all the contents to the conical flask.

• Distill off alcohol from the conical flask by placing it on a water bath.


• Then dry the conical flask with the contents in a hot air oven, cool for a while & take the final weight.
• CALCULATION: We have the weight of soap taken, weight of conical flask alone & the weight of conical flask with the contents.From this the percentage of alcohol soluble substance can be calculated. I was able to calculate the % of alcohol soluble substance in sunlight soap as 68.89
• Don't dry the filter paper in oven.Keep it outside itself.When it is dried completely take the final weight of filter paper & its contents
• CALCULATION: Weight of soap taken, weight of filter paper alone & the weight of filter paper with its contents are already noted. From this the % of alcohol insoluble substance is calculated. The % of alcohol insoluble substance in sunlight soap was calculated to be 15.44%

Determination of Total Fatty Matter (TFM) of Bathing Soap

AIM :

To determine the TFM of bathing soap. Here i used the Medimix soap.

PRINCIPLE:

TFM is determined by titrating fatty acids by means of HCl & extracting oil & acid with ether.

APPARATUS:

• 2 separating funnels


• 250ml beaker :1


• 100ml conical flask :1


• Electronic balance
• Air oven

REQUIREMENTS:

• Hot water
  
• 1:1 HCl


• ether


• soap sample

PROCEDURE:

• The bathing soap is made into small slices.
  Weigh 5gm of thoroughly mixed soap sample using an electronic balance.



• Note the weight taken.



• Add the weighed soap sample into a separating funnel.
  
  

• Add 30ml hot water from a beaker & mix well.


• Excess 1:1 HCl is added to decompose the soap, till acids float as a clear layer on the top, cool & add 50ml ether, mix well & separate.


• The aqueous layer is taken in another separating funnel & extract with ether.


• The combined ether extract were washed thrice with water to remove mineral acids & the contents were collected in a previously weighed 100ml conical flask.

Distill off ether from the conical flask & dry the conical flask ( with the contents) in a hot air oven to constant weight.

CALCULATION:

From the weight of soap taken, weight of conical flask alone & the weight of conical flask with the contents, the total fatty matter can be calculated. I was able to calculate the TFM of MEDIMIX soap as 57.98

Moisture Content Of Bathing Soap

AIM:

To determine the moisture content of bathing soap.

Here i used the Medimix Soap.

APPARATUS, REQUIREMENTS & PROCEDURE are the same as that of determination of moisture content of washing soap.

RESULT:

The % of moisture content in medimix soap was calculated to be 16.185