What do you mean by soft water?

• Type of water that easily produces a lot of lather with soap

Note on Soap

Soaps are mixtures of sodium salts of higher fatty acids(palmitic, stearic & oleic acids). It is used for washing clothes, to remove dirt & oil or grease by forming emulsions with water.

Calculation For Total Fatty Matter Of Soap

The experiment related to Total Fatty Matter of soap is written in the previous post.

Calculation of TFM is as follows:

• Weight of conical flask + soap( after drying)


• Weight of conical flask alone


• Initial weight of soap taken


• TFM = (Weight of conical flask + soap (after drying)- Weight of conical flask alone)/Initial weight of soap taken)*100

What are the merits & demerits of coconut oil present in toilet soap?

• Favours lathering power
• Causes skin irritation

What type of synthetic detergents are used in toilet soaps?

• High foaming synthetic detergents

What is used in bath preparations to favour foaming & prevent precipitation of the soap around the sides of tub?

• Surface active agents

Determination Of Total Alkali As Na2O in Washing Soap

AIM:
To determine the total alkali as Na₂O in the given sample of sunlight bar soap.
REAGENTS:

• Methyl orange indicator
• Distilled water: 30ml
• N/2 Standard HCl

APPARATUS:

• Conical flask
• Water bath
• Burette
• Electronic balance

PROCEDURE:

• Weigh accurately 10gm of the sliced soap sample using an electronic balance.
• Note the weight taken.
• Put the weighed sample into a clean conical flask.
• Add 30ml distilled water.
• Gently warm on a water bath to dissolve all the soap particle.
• Cool for a while.
• Titrate against N/2 std HCl from the burette using methyl orange as indicator.

CALCULATION:

Total alkali content as Na₂O = (Volume of HCl * Normality of HCl *3.1)/weight of the sample.

RESULT:

I was able to calculate the total alkali content as Na₂O in sunlight bar soap as 0.669 by taking 5gm of the sample.

What are the use of essential oil in soap making?

• Essential oils can add different properties & scents to your creations

What are the use of clays in soap?

• Clays can work to absorb oils & impurities from your skin...

What are the use of carrier oils in soap?

• They make up the majority of your soap ingredients...